Nobel Prize 2025: What they are, when will the awards be announced?

The world turns its attention to Stockholm and Oslo every October for one of the most anticipated weeks on the global calendar: the announcement of the Nobel Prizes. These awards, recognizing groundbreaking contributions that have conferred the “greatest benefit to humankind,” stand as the pinnacle of achievement in science, literature, economics, and peace. Nobel Prize 2025

The 2025 announcement cycle begins today, Monday, October 6th, kicking off a week-long celebration of genius, discovery, and human endeavor. From revolutionary medical breakthroughs to powerful literary voices, here had a complete guide to what the Nobel Prizes has, who created them, and when we can expect the winners to be unveiled this year.

What Are the Nobel Prizes? The Legacy of Dynamite and Philanthropy Nobel Prize 2025

The Nobel Prizes have established by the final will of Alfred Nobel (1833–1896), a Swedish chemist, inventor, and wealthy industrialist. Nobel has best known for inventing dynamite , an invention that made his fortune but also brought him immense concern over his legacy. Wanting to be remembered for advancements that benefited humanity rather than destruction, Nobel signed has in 1895, dedicating the majority of his vast fortune to funding a series of annual prizes.

The first Nobel Prizes have awarded in 1901, five years after Nobel’s death. They have international awards administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden.

The Six Prize Categories Nobel Prize 2025

Nobel originally specified five categories. A sixth has added later, though it has technically known as a separate prize.

1. Nobel Prize in Physics: Awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for outstanding contributions that have fundamentally changed the understanding of the physical universe, often recognizing breakthroughs in areas like fundamental particles, forces, or the nature of matter and energy.
2. Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Also awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, this prize rewards seminal advances in chemical sciences, recognizing pioneers in fields from molecular biology to materials science.
3. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Awarded by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institutet for achievements in medical science, including discoveries that have deepened the understanding of living organisms, diseases, treatments, or revolutionary medical techniques.
4. Nobel Prize in Literature: Awarded by the Swedish Academy to authors, poets, novelists, or playwrights whose work demonstrates outstanding literary merit, often emphasizing idealism, impactful storytelling, or revolutionary ideas.
5. Nobel Peace Prize: The only prize awarded in Oslo, Norway, and selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee. It honors individuals, groups, or organizations that have made significant efforts to promote peace, resolve conflicts, advance human rights, or international cooperation.
6. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel: Established in 1968 by Sweden’s central bank, this award recognizes contributions to economic theory, econometrics, microeconomics, and macroeconomic policy. While not part of Nobel’s original will, it has administered and presented alongside the original prizes.

What the Laureates Receive

Each Nobel Laureate (up to three individuals can share a prize, except for the Peace Prize, which can be awarded to organizations) receives three things:

• A gold medal (18-carat).
• A diploma personalized with a citation for their achievement.
• A monetary award, which for 2025 amounts to 11 million Swedish kronor (nearly $1.2 million).

The formal award ceremony takes place on December 10th, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death.

The Process: Secrecy, Scrutiny, and the 50-Year Rule

The process of selecting Nobel Laureates is famously rigorous, meticulous, and shrouded in secrecy.

Nomination and Selection

The selection process begins with the invitation of thousands of nominators—including former laureates, professors, and members of various academies worldwide—to propose candidates. Self-nomination has strictly prohibited. The deadline for nominations is typically January 31st.

Each prize has a dedicated Nobel Committee that reviews these proposals, often consulting with external experts to assess the significance of the nominated work. For the science prizes, this review can take decades, ensuring the breakthrough has “stood the test of time.” The Peace Prize is the only category that regularly rewards achievements made in the preceding year.

The Rule of Secrecy

The Nobel statutes prohibit the judges and committees from discussing their deliberations and the names of the nominees for 50 years. This strict confidentiality ensures that the final decision is free from external pressure and political influence. Consequently, the identity of the candidates discussed in the final shortlists remains completely unknown until half a century later.

The 2025 Nobel Prize Announcement Schedule Nobel Prize 2025

The announcements for the 2025 Nobel Prizes begin today and will follow the traditional one-per-day schedule over two weeks, concluding with the Economics Prize. All times listed below have the earliest at which the announcements are scheduled to take place, listed in Central European Summer Time (CEST).

Date	Prize Category	Awarding Institution	Earliest Announcement Time (CEST)
Monday, October 6	Physiology or Medicine	Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institutet	11:30
Tuesday, October 7	Physics	Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences	11:45
Wednesday, October 8	Chemistry	Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences	11:45
Thursday, October 9	Literature	The Swedish Academy	13:00
Friday, October 10	Peace	Norwegian Nobel Committee (Oslo)	11:00
Monday, October 13	Economic Sciences	Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences	11:45

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Where to Watch

The announcements for all six prizes will be broadcast live on the official digital channels of the Nobel Prize, allowing viewers from around the world to witness the moment these great minds receive the news of their historic achievements. The ceremonies themselves will take place in Stockholm and Oslo on December 10th.

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